BIOLOGY

 Reviewed by GL: And your sources of information?

__Definitions, properties and examples of the following substances__


 * Cofactors: A confactor is a component non-protein and low molecular weight required for the action of an enzyme.**
 * __Example:__** **You can use it to collect the substrate and the enzyme, forming a coordination complex like CoA (coenzyme A).**


 * Enzymes:** **Enzymes consist of various types of proteins that work to drive the chemical reaction for a specific action or nutrient.**
 * __Example:__ Nicotinamide. Compose by two coenzymes Nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD), nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP).**


 * __Ribozymes__ :DNA molecule is transcribed into an RNA form that catalyzes a chemical reaction.**
 * __Example__: L19 (first ribozyme discovered)

__Vitamins__: Are heterogeneous compounds that are essential for life.**
 * __Example__: Vitamin B1,Vitamin B2,Vitamin B3,Vitamin B5,Vitamin B6,Vitamin A, Etc.**

Reviewed by GL: And your sources of information? **

__Diseases caused by mitocondrial defects.__ ** Encephalopathy Seizures Developmental delay or regression (including dementia, early or late episodes) Myoclonic Movement disorders (dystonia, dyskinesias, chorea, etc.) Complex Migraine Infarcts Neuropathy Cardiac defects in pipes Cardiomyopathies Deficiencies in the Hearing Short stature Disturbances of extraocular muscles tosis acquired strabismus ophthalmoplegia Diabetes Renal Tubular Disease Loss of Vision retinitis pigmentosa optic atrophy Lactic acidosis (may be mild) ** 
 * Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a complex phenotype in which the majority of patients have encephalopathy and can affect the muscles and other organs like heart, liver, kidneys, retina, bone marrow, peripheral nerves and pancreas. **
 * Citopatías or mitochondrial diseases should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis when these features appear inexplicable, especially when they occur in combination with: **
 * Some Symptoms